Umuyoboro w'amazi ni iki?

### Umuyoboro wa Drainage ni iki?

#### Intangiriro

Umuyoboro w'amazi, uzwi kandi nk'umuyoboro, imiyoboro y'amazi, cyangwa imiyoboro y'umurongo, ni ikintu cy'ingenzi muri sisitemu yo gucunga amazi agezweho. Iyi miyoboro yagenewe gukusanya neza no gutwara amazi yo hejuru, gukumira umwuzure, isuri, no kwangiza ibikorwa remezo. Iyi ngingo irasesengura ibintu bitandukanye byumuyoboro wamazi, harimo ubwoko, ibice, porogaramu, ninyungu.

#### Ubwoko bwa Imiyoboro Yamazi

Imiyoboro y'amazi iza muburyo butandukanye, buri kimwe gikwiranye nibisabwa hamwe nibidukikije. Ubwoko nyamukuru burimo:

1. ** Imiyoboro itwara umurongo **
- Iyi ni inzira ndende, ifunganye ikusanya amazi kumuhanda ugororotse. Nibyiza kubice bigomba gukusanyirizwa amazi hejuru yubugari, nkumuhanda, parikingi, hamwe na siporo.

2. ** Imiyoboro y'ahantu **:
- Imiyoboro ihanamye iragaragaza ahantu hafunganye, hafunguye hejuru, hamwe numuyoboro wihishe munsi yubutaka. Bakunze gukoreshwa mubice aho ubwiza bwingenzi, nkibibuga rusange ninzira nyabagendwa.

3. ** Imiyoboro y'Abafaransa **:
- Imiyoboro yubufaransa igizwe numuyoboro usobekeranye uzengurutswe na kaburimbo cyangwa urutare. Bakoreshwa mu kuyobora amazi yubutaka kure yakarere, bakunze gukoreshwa mumiturire kugirango barinde ibishingwe nubutaka.

4. ** Imiyoboro yemewe **:
- Iyi miyoboro ituma amazi ashobora gutembera hejuru yumuyoboro. Bakunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu zirambye zo mumijyi (SUDS) mugucunga amazi yimvura bisanzwe.

#### Ibigize umuyoboro wamazi

Sisitemu isanzwe itwara imiyoboro igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi:

1. ** Umuyoboro wumurongo **:
- Imiterere nyamukuru ibamo amazi. Irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye nka polymer beto, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa polyethylene yuzuye (HDPE).

2. ** Grates **:
- Ibi bishyirwa hejuru yumuyoboro kugirango birinde imyanda kwinjira mugihe yemerera amazi kunyuramo. Grate iza mubishushanyo nibikoresho bitandukanye, birimo ibyuma, plastike, nicyuma.

3. ** Kurangiza imipira no gusohoka **:
- Ibi bice bikoreshwa mugushiraho impera zumuyoboro cyangwa guhuza umuyoboro na sisitemu yo gutemba. Ibisohoka byerekeza amazi kumuyoboro kugera aho ushaka.

4. ** Gufata Ibase **:
- Izi ni ingingo nini zo gukusanya zihuza imiyoboro y'amazi. Bafasha gucunga amazi menshi n imyanda.

5. ** Imitego yo Kurohama **:
- Ibi byinjijwe muri sisitemu yo gufata imyanda no kuyirinda gufunga imiyoboro.

#### Porogaramu Yumuyoboro

Imiyoboro y'amazi ikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwa porogaramu, buri kimwe gifite ibisabwa byihariye:

1. ** Umuhanda n'umuhanda **:
- Kurinda ikwirakwizwa ryamazi rishobora gutera hydroplaning no kwangiza hejuru yumuhanda.

2. ** Ahantu haparika **:
- Gucunga amazi menshi yo hejuru no gukumira umwuzure.

3. ** Uturere dutuye **:
- Kurinda inyubako kwangirika kwamazi no gucunga amazi yimvura.

4. ** Imbuga zubucuruzi ninganda **:
- Kugenzura imigezi y'amazi no kubungabunga umutekano, wumye.

5. ** Imikino ya siporo hamwe n’ahantu ho kwidagadurira **:
- Kugenzura niba gukinisha hejuru bikomeza gukoreshwa kandi bifite umutekano mukumara neza amazi arenze.

6. ** Ahantu rusange **:
- Gutezimbere ubwiza mugihe ucunga neza amazi mubice nka plaza, parike, hamwe nabanyamaguru.

#### Inyungu zumuyoboro wamazi

Gushyira mubikorwa imiyoboro y'amazi itanga inyungu nyinshi:

1. ** Kurinda Umwuzure **:
- Mugukusanya neza no gutwara amazi, imiyoboro y'amazi ifasha mukwirinda umwuzure haba mumijyi no mucyaro.

2. ** Kurinda Ibikorwa Remezo **:
- Gutwara amazi neza byongerera igihe cyimihanda, inyubako, nizindi nyubako mukurinda kwangirika kwamazi.

3. ** Umutekano **:
- Kugabanya kwegeranya amazi hejuru yubutaka bigabanya ibyago byimpanuka, nko kunyerera cyangwa hydroplaning.

4. ** Kurengera Ibidukikije **:
- Mugucunga amazi yimvura, imiyoboro yamazi ifasha kugabanya isuri yubutaka no kurinda inzira zamazi zanduye.

5. ** Gutezimbere Ubwiza **:
- Uburyo bwa kijyambere bwo kuvoma burashobora gushirwaho kugirango buhuze hamwe nibidukikije, bizamura ubwiza bwibibanza rusange.

#### Umwanzuro

Imiyoboro y'amazi ningingo zingenzi muri sisitemu yo gucunga amazi yiki gihe, ikemura ibibazo biterwa namazi yo hejuru mubidukikije. Kuva mu mihanda no mumihanda kugera ahantu hatuwe nubucuruzi, ubwo buryo bugira uruhare runini mukurinda umwuzure, kurinda ibikorwa remezo, no kubungabunga umutekano. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko, ibice, porogaramu, ninyungu zumuyoboro wamazi birashimangira akamaro kabo mukubungabunga imikorere yimijyi niyicyaro. Uko imiterere y’ikirere ihinduka n’imijyi ikiyongera, uruhare rw’ibisubizo by’amazi bizarushaho kuba ingirakamaro mu gucunga umutungo w’amazi no kurengera abaturage.